Flemish Mannerism is a special case of Mannerism north of the Alps that developed around the painter and etcher Frans Floris (b. c. 1517-70), who founded a workshop in Antwerp in the 1550s after a formative educational trip to Italy. The stylistic features characteristic of Floris' circle result from Italian influences, such as overlong figures, unnatural proportions and high-contrast lighting effects.